NanoExplore – A pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of a harmonized approach and validate a choice of biomarkers for exposure and health effects monitoring of nanomaterials in workplaces and urban areas.

Nanotechnologies is a fast-growing field that employs thousands of workers. However, effects of nanoparticles on human health in occupational setting are not completely understood. The aim of this longitudinal multicenter prospective cohort study is to develop an integrated approach for investigation of human health outcomes related to exposure to nanoparticles. Three groups of nanotechnology workers will be recruited in Switzerland, Spain and Italy. “Exposed” (n=80) and “Internal control” (n=40) groups will be recruited from companies manufacturing nanomaterials. “Exposed” group will include individuals who produce or handle nanomaterials, whereas “Internal control” group will include non-exposed individuals from the same companies, e.g., administrative employees. “Universal control” (n=40) group will include individuals from companies with confirmed absence of exposure to nanomaterials. Biomarkers of exposure and effect will be measured in the participants before and after a 4-day monitoring of external exposure (on Monday morning and on Thursday evening) at recruitment and at the 6/9 months follow-up (four times in total). The biomarkers will be analyzed from exhaled breath condensate, expired air and urine samples. Implementation of an integrated and harmonized biomonitoring protocol in occupational settings should demonstrate the feasibility of similar research project in the future, facilitate further epidemiological studies and health surveillance programs, and inform stakeholders of regulatory aspects targeting occupational exposure to engineered and incidental nanoparticles.