Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Future Alcohol Outcomes: Examining the Roles of Coping and Enhancement Drinking Motives among Young Men
Switzerland, 2010 - 2014
Grazioli, Véronique S, Gmel, Gerhard, Rougemont-Bücking, Ansgar, Baggio, Stéphanie, Daeppen, Jean-Bernard, Studer, Joseph
Created on
April 24, 2019
Last modified
April 24, 2019
Page views
8458
Download
2600
Documentation in PDF
Metadata
DDI/XML
JSON
Identification
Survey ID Number
DDI-CHE-CSURF-ATTENTION-DEFICIT-V1
Title
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Future Alcohol Outcomes: Examining the Roles of Coping and Enhancement Drinking Motives among Young Men
Translated Title
Consommer de l’alcool pour faire face ou pour se sentir bien et trouble déficit de l’attention et hyperactivité au sein de jeunes hommes.
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Switzerland | CHE |
Study type
Etude observationnelle longitudinale
Series Information
C-SURF study (Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors)
C-SURF is a cohort study being conducted in Switzerland since 2010, investigating substance-use trajectories among young men (aged around 21).
C-SURF is a cohort study being conducted in Switzerland since 2010, investigating substance-use trajectories among young men (aged around 21).
Abstract
Objective. Although there is evidence that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are positively related to alcohol use and related problems among young adults, little research has examined the mechanisms that might explain this association. In response, this study examined the mediating effects of coping and enhancement drinking motives on the prospective associations between ADHD symptoms and alcohol outcomes.
Method. Participants (N = 4,536) were young men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Measures of ADHD symptoms and those of drinking motives, heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder symptoms were used from the baseline and 15-month follow-up assessments. Results. Findings indicated that the associations of ADHD-inattention symptoms with AUD symptoms and with HED were partially and completely mediated through drinking motives, respectively, whereas drinking motives did not mediate the ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity-symptoms-alcohol outcomes associations. Conclusion. Results indicated that coping and enhancement motives partially explained the ADHD-inattention symptoms - subsequent alcohol outcomes association. These findings suggest that interventions targeting enhancement and coping motives may help prevent problematic drinking among young men with elevated ADHD-inattention symptoms.
Method. Participants (N = 4,536) were young men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Measures of ADHD symptoms and those of drinking motives, heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder symptoms were used from the baseline and 15-month follow-up assessments. Results. Findings indicated that the associations of ADHD-inattention symptoms with AUD symptoms and with HED were partially and completely mediated through drinking motives, respectively, whereas drinking motives did not mediate the ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity-symptoms-alcohol outcomes associations. Conclusion. Results indicated that coping and enhancement motives partially explained the ADHD-inattention symptoms - subsequent alcohol outcomes association. These findings suggest that interventions targeting enhancement and coping motives may help prevent problematic drinking among young men with elevated ADHD-inattention symptoms.
Kind of Data
Self-reported questionnaires
Unit of Analysis
Young men in Switzerland (N = 4,536)
Version
Version Description
Version 1.0
Scope
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms |
| coping drinking motives |
| enhancement drinking motives |
| alcohol |
| young males |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
French and German-speaking Switzerland
Universe
Young men in Switzerland
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Grazioli, Véronique S | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV) |
| Gmel, Gerhard | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV) |
| Rougemont-Bücking, Ansgar | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV) |
| Baggio, Stéphanie | Service de médecine et psychiatrie pénitenciaire, HUG |
| Daeppen, Jean-Bernard | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV) |
| Studer, Joseph | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV) |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry | Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) | Producer |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Swiss National Science Foundation. No Grants : FN 33CSCO-122679 and FN 33CS30-13467 | SNSF | Funder |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry | Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) | Producer |
| Racine, Céline | Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland | XML document creator |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Recruitment took place between August 2010 and July 2011 in three of a total of six recruitment centers covering 21 of the 26 Swiss cantons (including French and German-speaking cantons). In Switzerland, all Swiss men aged approximately 19 must undergo a recruitment process to determine their eligibility for military service. All young men were eligible for inclusion, independently of whether they were deemed eligible or not to serve in the army. Thus, virtually all men aged 19-20 in the 21 covered cantons were eligible for inclusion in the study. Participants completed questionnaires outside of the army environment. A total of 7,556 conscripts provided written informed consent to participate in the study. Of those, 5,987 (79.2%) completed the baseline assessment between September 2010 and March 2012, and among them 5,479 (91.5% of the baseline sample) completed the follow-up assessment between March 2012 and January 2014.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2010-09-01 | 2014-01-01 |
Data Collection Mode
Self-reported questionnaires (Internet or paper-pencil questionnaires depending on participants’ preferences)
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Adult ADHD symptoms. Adult ADHD symptoms over the past 12 months were assessed at baseline with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener (ASRS-v1.1; Kessler et al., 2007). The ASRS-v1.1 is a six-item scale that measures six ADHD symptoms based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Participants indicated how often they experienced each symptom over the past 12 months with a Likert-scale ranging from 0 to 4. The ASRS-v1.1 includes a 4-item inattention subscale (e.g., How often do you have problems remembering appointments or obligations) and a 2-item hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale (e.g., How often do you feel overly active and compelled to do things, like you were driven by a motor; Hesse, 2013).
Drinking motives. Coping and enhancement drinking motives were measured at 15 months with two 3-item subscales of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF; Kuntsche & Kuntsche, 2009). Participants were asked to consider all the time they had consumed alcohol in the past year and indicate how often they did so for coping (e.g., to forget about your problems) or enhancement (e.g., to get high) motives, using a 5-point Likert scale.
Alcohol outcomes. AUD symptoms following DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were measured with 11 items adapted from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA; Bucholz et al., 1994; Hesselbrock, Easton, Bucholz, Schuckit, & Hesselbrock, 1999). Participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced any of 11 situations corresponding to AUD symptoms over the past 12 months (e.g., you often found yourself drinking more and for longer periods of time than you intended). Participants were also asked to indicate how often they drank six or more alcoholic beverages (≥ 60gr of pure alcohol) on one occasion in the past 12 months with a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. Answers were dichotomized to yield a report of monthly HED, where 0 = reporting less than 1 HED per month and, 1 = reporting one or more HED per month.
Depression symptoms. Depression symptoms were assessed at baseline with the Major Depression Inventory (MDI; Bech, Rasmussen, Olsen, Noerholm, & Abildgaard, 2001), which is a 10-item scale covering the ICD-10 symptoms of depression such as feeling lacking in energy and strength (World Health Organization, 1994). Participants were asked to indicate how often they had experienced each symptom over the past 2 weeks using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. Answers were summed up to yield a total score (depression symptoms).
Anti-social personality disorder symptoms. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview (MINI plus; Lecrubier et al., 1998) was used to assess anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) symptoms. Participants were required to indicate how often they had engaged in 12 behaviors—six before they were 15 years old (e.g., Before you were 15 years old, how often did you start fights or bully, threaten, or intimidate others?) and in six others since they were 15 (e.g., Since you were 15 years old, how often have you exposed others to danger without caring?)—using a 6-point Likert-scale ranging from 1 to 6. Answers were summed up to yield a total score (ASPD symptoms).
Drinking motives. Coping and enhancement drinking motives were measured at 15 months with two 3-item subscales of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF; Kuntsche & Kuntsche, 2009). Participants were asked to consider all the time they had consumed alcohol in the past year and indicate how often they did so for coping (e.g., to forget about your problems) or enhancement (e.g., to get high) motives, using a 5-point Likert scale.
Alcohol outcomes. AUD symptoms following DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were measured with 11 items adapted from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA; Bucholz et al., 1994; Hesselbrock, Easton, Bucholz, Schuckit, & Hesselbrock, 1999). Participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced any of 11 situations corresponding to AUD symptoms over the past 12 months (e.g., you often found yourself drinking more and for longer periods of time than you intended). Participants were also asked to indicate how often they drank six or more alcoholic beverages (≥ 60gr of pure alcohol) on one occasion in the past 12 months with a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. Answers were dichotomized to yield a report of monthly HED, where 0 = reporting less than 1 HED per month and, 1 = reporting one or more HED per month.
Depression symptoms. Depression symptoms were assessed at baseline with the Major Depression Inventory (MDI; Bech, Rasmussen, Olsen, Noerholm, & Abildgaard, 2001), which is a 10-item scale covering the ICD-10 symptoms of depression such as feeling lacking in energy and strength (World Health Organization, 1994). Participants were asked to indicate how often they had experienced each symptom over the past 2 weeks using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. Answers were summed up to yield a total score (depression symptoms).
Anti-social personality disorder symptoms. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview (MINI plus; Lecrubier et al., 1998) was used to assess anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) symptoms. Participants were required to indicate how often they had engaged in 12 behaviors—six before they were 15 years old (e.g., Before you were 15 years old, how often did you start fights or bully, threaten, or intimidate others?) and in six others since they were 15 (e.g., Since you were 15 years old, how often have you exposed others to danger without caring?)—using a 6-point Likert-scale ranging from 1 to 6. Answers were summed up to yield a total score (ASPD symptoms).
Data Processing
Data Editing
First, in the parent study, non-response analysis between screening, written informed consent and baseline completion were conducted and indicated that non-respondents reported more alcohol use than respondents. The magnitude of these differences was, however, small, indicating a small non-response bias (Studer et al., 2013). In the current study, missing values (n = 375, 6.8%; < 10%) on key variables were listwise deleted.
In the current study, abstainers (n = 568, 10.4%) were not included because the questionnaire assessing drinking motives was administrated among 12-month drinkers only.
Finally, we tested for mediation using the 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals based on 5,000 bootstrap samples, to account for potential nonnormality of the indirect effect (Fritz & Mackinnon, 2007; Preacher & Hayes, 2004).
In the current study, abstainers (n = 568, 10.4%) were not included because the questionnaire assessing drinking motives was administrated among 12-month drinkers only.
Finally, we tested for mediation using the 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals based on 5,000 bootstrap samples, to account for potential nonnormality of the indirect effect (Fritz & Mackinnon, 2007; Preacher & Hayes, 2004).
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Grazioli, Véronique S. (first author) | Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland | Veronique.grazioli@chuv.ch |
| Racine, Céline (Unit of Documentation and Data, DFRI, Unisanté) | Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland | celine.racine@chuv.ch |
Access conditions
Open datasets, accessible without any restrictions
Citation requirements
Grazioli Véronique S., Gmel Gerhard, Rougemont-Bücking Ansgar, Baggio Stéphanie, Daeppen Jean-Bernard, Studer Joseph. 2019. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and future alcohol outcomes : Examining the roles of coping and enhancement drinking motives among young men. Addiction medicine, Lausanne hospital university, Switzerland. Version 1.0. of the licensed dataset (Avril 2019), provided by the IUMSP Research Data Repository. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16909/DATASET/16
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2019, Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne university Hospital, Switzerland; Institute of social and preventive medicine, and epidemiology, biostatistics and preventive institute, university of Zurich, Switzerland.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-CHE-CSURF-ATTENTION-DEFICIT-V1
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Addiction medicine, Department of Psychiatry | Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) | Metadata editor | |
| Unité Documentation et Données, Département Formation, Recherche et Innovation, Unisanté | UDD | Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland | XML document creator |
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (April 2019)